Graduarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

The Spanish verb graduarse is a reflexive verb that means to graduate, whether it be from high school, college, etc. The stem verb graduar can be used non-reflexively, in which case it also means to adjust or calibrate. For example, you can say Queremos graduar la temperatura (We want to adjust the temperature). However, this verb is most commonly used as the reflexive graduarse to talk about obtaining a degree or completing an educational level. Since this verb is often used reflexively, this article includes graduarse conjugations with the reflexive pronoun. You will find tables with conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative; the present and past subjunctive; the imperative, and other verb forms. Graduarse Present Indicative Since graduar is a regular -ar verb, the conjugations of graduarse follow the regular -ar verb pattern. However, notice that in some of the present indicative conjugations an accent mark is needed to maintain the stress in the correct vowel. Also, remember to include the reflexive pronoun before each conjugated verb. Yo me gradà ºo I graduate Yo me gradà ºo de la universidad. Tà º te gradà ºas You graduate Tà º te gradà ºas de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se gradà ºa You/he/she graduates Ella se gradà ºa con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduamos We graduate Nosotros nos graduamos juntos. Vosotros os graduà ¡is You graduate Vosotros os graduà ¡is de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se gradà ºan You/they graduate Ellos se gradà ºan con honores. Graduarse Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations for yo and à ©l/ella/usted contain an accent mark on the last vowel. Yo me graduà © I graduated Yo me graduà © de la universidad. Tà º te graduaste You graduated Tà º te graduaste de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduà ³ You/he/she graduated Ella se graduà ³ con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduamos We graduated Nosotros nos graduamos juntos. Vosotros os graduasteis You graduated Vosotros os graduasteis de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduaron You/they graduated Ellos se graduaron con honores. Graduarse Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is conjugated by starting with the stem gradu and adding the imperfect ending for -er verbs (aba, abas, aba, à ¡bamos, abais, aban). The imperfect tense can be translated as was graduating or used to graduate. Yo me graduaba I used to graduate Yo me graduaba de la universidad. Tà º te graduabas You used to graduate Tà º te graduabas de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduaba You/he/she used to graduate Ella se graduaba con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduà ¡bamos We used to graduate Nosotros nos graduà ¡bamos juntos. Vosotros os graduabais You used to graduate Vosotros os graduabais de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduaban You/they used to graduate Ellos se graduaban con honores. Graduarse Future Indicative Yo me graduarà © I will graduate Yo me graduarà © de la universidad. Tà º te graduarà ¡s You will graduate Tà º te graduarà ¡s de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduarà ¡ You/he/she will graduate Ella se graduarà ¡con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduaremos We will graduate Nosotros nos graduaremos juntos. Vosotros os graduarà ©is You will graduate Vosotros os graduarà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduarà ¡n You/they will graduate Ellos se graduarà ¡n con honores. Graduarse Periphrastic  Future Indicative   To conjugate the periphrastic future you need the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive graduar. The reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb ir. Yo me voy a graduar I am going to graduate Yo me voya graduar de la universidad. Tà º te vasa graduar You are going to graduate Tà º te vasa graduar de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se vaa graduar You/he/she is going to graduate Ella se vaa graduar con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos vamosa graduar We are going to graduate Nosotros nos vamosa graduar juntos. Vosotros os vaisa graduar You are going to graduate Vosotros os vaisa graduar de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se vana graduar You/they are going to graduate Ellos se vana graduar con honores. Graduarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses like the present progressive. The present progressive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb estar. When conjugating a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun should be placed before the conjugated verb estar, or you can attach it to the end of the present participle. Present Progressive ofGraduarse se està ¡ graduando / està ¡ graduà ¡ndose Is graduating Ella se està ¡ graduando con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Graduarse Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses, such as the present perfect (with the auxiliary verb haber). When conjugating a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb haber. Present Perfect of Graduarse se ha graduado Has graduated Ella se ha graduado con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Graduarse Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can be translated to English as would verb. It is used to talk about possibilities. Yo me graduarà ­a I would graduate Yo me graduarà ­a de la universidad si estudiara mà ¡s. Tà º te graduarà ­as You would graduate Tà º te graduarà ­as de la escuela primaria, pero debes repetir un aà ±o. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduarà ­a You/he/she would graduate Ella se graduarà ­acon un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n, pero se cambià ³ de carrera. Nosotros nos graduarà ­amos We would graduate Nosotros nos graduarà ­amos juntos si tuvià ©ramos la misma edad. Vosotros os graduarà ­ais You would graduate Vosotros os graduarà ­ais de la secundaria con buenas notas si fuerais mà ¡s aplicados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduarà ­an You/they would graduate Ellos se graduarà ­an con honores, pero recibieron una mala calificacià ³n. Graduarse Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive is used to talk about emotions, doubts, desires, recommendations, or other subjective situations. Que yo me gradà ºe That I graduate La profesora espera que yo megradà ºede la universidad. Que tà º te gradà ºes That you graduate El maestro espera que tà º tegradà ºes de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segradà ºe That you/he/she graduate El jefe espera que ella segradà ºe con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos graduemos That we graduate Esteban quiere que nosotros nos graduemos juntos. Que vosotros os graduà ©is That you graduate Papà ¡ pide que vosotros os graduà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segradà ºen That you/they graduate La directora espera que ellos segradà ºen con honores. Graduarse Imperfect Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Option 1 Que yo me graduara That I graduated La profesora esperaba que yo megraduarade la universidad. Que tà º te graduaras That you graduated El maestro esperaba que tà º tegraduaras de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segraduara That you/he/she graduated El jefe esperaba que ella segraduara con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos graduà ¡ramos That we graduated Esteban querà ­a que nosotros nos graduà ¡ramosjuntos. Que vosotros os graduarais That you graduated Papà ¡ pedà ­a que vosotros os graduarais de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segraduaran That you/they graduated La directora esperaba que ellos segraduaran con honores. Option 2 Que yo me graduase That I graduated La profesora esperaba que yo megraduase de la universidad. Que tà º te graduases That you graduated El maestro esperaba que tà º tegraduases de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segraduase That you/he/she graduated El jefe esperaba que ella segraduase con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos graduà ¡semos That we graduated Esteban querà ­a que nosotros nos graduà ¡semosjuntos. Que vosotros os graduaseis That you graduated Papà ¡ pedà ­a que vosotros os graduaseis de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segraduasen That you/they graduated La directora esperaba que ellos segraduasen con honores. Graduarse Imperative The imperative mood is used to give orders or commands. Notice that the placement of the reflexive pronoun varies for positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º gradà ºate Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºate de la escuela primaria! Usted gradà ºese Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºese con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n! Nosotros graduà ©monos Let's graduate!  ¡Graduà ©monos juntos! Vosotros graduaos Graduate!  ¡Graduaos de la secundaria con buenas notas! Ustedes gradà ºense Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºense con honores! Negative Commands Tà º no te gradà ºes Don't graduate!  ¡No te gradà ºes de la escuela primaria! Usted no se gradà ºe Don't graduate!  ¡No se gradà ºe con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n! Nosotros no nos graduemos Let's not graduate!  ¡Nonos graduemos juntos! Vosotros no os graduà ©is Don't graduate!  ¡Noos graduà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas! Ustedes no se gradà ºen Don't graduate!  ¡Nose gradà ºen con honores!

The Classical Theory Of Criminal Activity - 856 Words

It is only appropriate to believe that the severity of penalties given to an individual whom committed a crime should be proportionate to the crime in which they engaged in, no more than what is necessary, but enough in order to deter the offender from participating in another crime. This approach is applied in such ways because it is believed that criminal activity is a rational choice, chosen because they perceive it to be in their best interest. â€Å"Criminals make a rational choice and choose to do criminal acts due to maximum pleasure and minimum pain† (Classical School of Criminology, 2012) Cesare Beccaria contributed to the classical theory greatly, and introduced several attributions to the justice system which advanced it immensely. â€Å"Views were consistent with Beccaria’s utilitarian beliefs that sought to maximize the public benefit by achieving the greatest amount of good for the most people†. (Newman, Freilich 133 1997; Newman Margongiu, 1997) T he Classical Theory has resulted in positive advancements in the justice system for various reasons. Firstly, it is â€Å"forward-looking utilitarian models designed to promote the public good† (Freilich, J., 2014, 138), also, it â€Å"embraces scientific principles to achieve their goals and seek to temper harsh punishments of their times† (Freilich, J., 2014, 138). These are beneficial for the justice system because communities independently choose the crime reduction strategy which they are comfortable with, and believe willShow MoreRelatedThe Classical School Of Thought889 Words   |  4 PagesAs early as the 18th century, theorists have hypothesized the reasons behind criminal behavior. Theorists during the Enlightenment Period dismissed the preconceived notions that deviant behavior was the result of supernatural causes and ushered in an era that highlighted criminality as a rational choice decided by a person’s own free will. The idea of rational choic e led to the development of the Classical school of thought, which sought to deter and prevent crime by making the fear of punishmentRead MoreCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes1182 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes: As part of the distinct aspects of criminal justice policy, the different criminology theories have significant impacts on the criminal justice system. The different theories of crime are used to explain criminal justice policy and the criminal justice system. These theories were developed by different people in attempts to explain criminal justice. In addition, criminological theories assist is shaping the societys reaction to offense in relation to preventingRead MoreClassical, Biological And Psychological Theories901 Words   |  4 Pages Early classical, biological and psychological theories have helped shape the burgeoning world of criminology. Many of the ideas they held were unique, however, some key principles are still in use by there modern counterparts. Classical psychological theories, focused on two main concepts; personality and behaviorism. Personality theories helped improve cognitive sciences and behaviorism called attention to social learning with a focus on behavioral conditioning. For example, Ivan Pavlov, a prominentRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologist is used to describe any individual who is employed in the criminal justice field regardlessRead MoreThe Theory Of The Classical Theory1395 Words   |  6 Pagesan English philosopher, developed the classical theory in the 18th century at a time in which punishment was extreme and severe (Di TellaDubra, 2008). Bentham and Beccaria investigated the causes of delinquency and criminal behavior and scientifically explained the deviance. They never came up with a new criminology theory, but rather focused on a manner in which they could make the punishment for committing a crime rational. Based on the founders of the theory, a hierarchy of punishments should beRead MoreContemporary Utilization Of Classical Perspective1575 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary Utilization of the Classical Perspective James C. Boudreau Charleston Southern University Abstract This paper will explain the contemporary utilization of the classical perspective of criminology. Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, routine activities theory, and lifestyle theory will be explained and defined thoroughly detailing each theory and provide a historical background, theorist(s) involved, prior literature, scientific methods, results, personal opinions, and policyRead MoreIdentify And Describe The Three Elements Of Deterrence Case Study743 Words   |  3 Pages1. Explain how pre-classical theories influenced the development of classical theories. In the pre-classical era it was believed that criminal activity happened due to religious factors or supernatural causes. For example the most common supernatural belief was that the full moon when out caused criminal activity. People believed that crime was related to higher powers. (Tibbetts, p.27-29, 2015). 2. Identify and describe the three elements of deterrence. Which of the three do you think has theRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagescommits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether to commit or not commit a felony. Others see the society as having a duty to make sure that its members do not engage in criminal acts by providing a secure and safe living place. Some claim that some people have hiddenRead MoreInsight Into Criminal Behavior Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Juvenile exposure to criminal behavior increases the chances that those individuals will also engage in criminal behavior. Research gives us insight to prevent or reduce criminality and rehabilitate violators of the law that engage in criminal behavior. What causes people to commit crimes? Interdisciplinary criminology gives us a better understanding from several fields of study of a better understanding of crime. Influential factors that influence criminal behaviors are psychological, sociologicalRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology935 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor principles of the Classical School of Criminology? The major principles in the Classical School of Criminology are that humans are rational and that our behavior comes from free will, and our human behavior is derived from pain and pleasure. To deter criminal’s punishment is necessary, which may set an example for others. As well as crime prevention should be implemented with quick regulated punishment for vi olations of the law. What were some forerunners of classical thought in criminology

A Study On How Sleep Disorder Affects Mental And Physical...

Title Line Title Line 2 Sondra Saterfield Canada College Introduction Every living being need to sleep. Sleeping is an important part of our daily life. Sleep has been connected with wellbeing of human body. Adequate amount of sleep is important especially in children. It is because sleep is in fact the primary activity of brain development in preschooler and it directly impacts mental and physical development. Several studies has been performed to study the consequence of sleep disorder or sleep problem. Preschooler should get proper sleep because lack of sleep can leads to various problem such as ADHD, obesity and may impact Executive Function. ADHD has been connected with variety of sleep problems. More than 50 % of parents whose children has ADHD report that their children suffer from sleep problem (â€Å"ADHD,† 2016). ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, according to WebMD it’s a condition with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The sleep problem range from falling asleep to staying asleep. More precisely Children with ADHD have trouble staying still in on place, staying focused and controlling their behavior and emotions. This can very much lead to poor social skills, isolation and poor academic performance. Murphy(2012) suggested that the children whose sleep was affected by sleep apnea were 40 percent to 100 percent more likely than normal sleep habits to develop behavior problems that resemble that ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep On The Human Body And Mind Requires A Regulated Sleep And Wake Cycle1729 Words   |  7 Pagesregulated sleep and wake pattern in order to naturally restore homeostasis and provide healthier functioning in regards to it’s physical, emotional, cognitive, and somatic response to it’s environment. Chronic disruptions in this sleep pattern have been found to affect 10% to 18% of the general American population, while it has been found to affect 50%-80% of the American psychiatric population. The most common mental illnesses that suffer from chronic sleep/wake disruptions include mood disorders suchRead MoreRunning Head:Sleep Deprivation1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SLEEP DEPRIVATION ​ 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino  Sleep Deprivation ​Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreasedRead MoreSleep Disorders: Rapid Eye Movement Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesSleep disorders appear to be a global epidemic, affecting up to 45% of the worlds population (Noor, et al n.p.). That’s leaving a 55% chunk of the world’s population not affected. More than 70 million people in our nation experience sleep disorders, most of whom are unaware of the impact on their daily life (Wells,Vaughn 234). Due to a large portion of people being unaware of sleep disorders’ impaction, the number continuously increases. Major sleep disorders are known to be Rapid Eye Movement(REM)Read MoreEvidence Suggesting Three Plausible Functions Of Sleep1312 Words   |  6 PagesThree Plausible Functions of Sleep† This essay focuses on evaluating three functions of sleep. These functions include mental health (Jackowska et al, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Kronholm et al, 2011) and memory (Hu et al, 2006). The key aspects are explained in detail with regards to studies. The findings from the studies will help justify the function and it’s involvement with sleep. Sleep is important for an individual’s well being, survival, brain development, emotional regulation, cognitiveRead MoreAbstract. Effects Of Bipolar Can Be Far-Reaching, Both1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthe lives of patients and those around them. Bipolar affects work, school, relationships, physical health and many other aspects of everyday life. The most severe effect of bipolar disorder is suicide. Unfortunately, 25% - 50% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide and 11% commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness known as a mood disorder. In mood disorders, the patient suffers from severe emotional states. In bipolar disorder, the patient suffers from â€Å"highs† known as mania orRead MoreDeveloping a Regional Mental Health Hospital Which Offers A Therapeutic Environment 1317 Words   |  6 PagesBackground of the Study Mental health is defined as â€Å"a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community†. Also mental health is an expression of our emotions and signifies a successful adaptation to a range of demands. It describes either a level of cognitive or emotional well-being or an absence of a mental disorder. From perspectivesRead MoreBipolar and Unipolar Disorder Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesperson encounters depression that changes how he or she interacts with his or her daily activities, this person maybe dealing with bipolar or unipolar disorder. Even though these two disorders are similar, there are marked differences, different causes, and different treatment. Bipolar and Unipolar Disorder Bipolar and unipolar are two different disorders that affect millions of people; however, there are differences in between the two mood disorders. Bipolar is differentiated by two distinguishingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation913 Words   |  4 Pagesof Lack of Sleep in Highschoolers Sleep deprivation in high school students is creating a long list of problems in their health and academic areas. Sleep deprivation has been linked to many different health effects, and a major cause of sleep deprivation in high schooler s is the start time of their first morning class. Many different studies have been conducted concerning start times in schools and the current time that schools begin classes, is wreaking havoc on student health. Sleep has been shownRead MoreSymptoms Of Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe cases of diagnosed Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder have been on the rise for the past several years. Since these diseases are hereditarily linked, the rise of childhood onset Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder has also had increased diagnosed cases. Through new medical research and availability of new treatments and medication, scientists and doctors are now uncovering new reasons as to why these mental diseases are on the come up. Human studies administered by various research facilities alsoRead MoreA Paper on Bipolar Disorder1223 Words   |  5 Pageson Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar is a disorder in when a person’s mood inappropriately alternates between feelings of mania and depression. A bipolar mania is a mental illness classified by psychiatry as a mood disorder. Also individuals with bipolar disorder experience episodes of an elevated or agitated mood known as man ia or hypomania, depending on the severity alternating with episodes of depression. This depression also comes with a lot of symptoms which could lead to other disorders or problems

Public Service Philosophy Essay Public Services - 823 Words

Public Service Philosophy Essay â€Å"Public service† is a very vague idea for me. To me, there isn’t a definite definition that can distinguish what is public service or not. From our reading, it was pointed out that what public service used to mean, and what it now means has changed immeasurably. From Jobs That Matter, Heather Krasna defines public service as significantly contributing â€Å"to solving problems in society or the world.† I think the idea of â€Å"significantly contributing† to society can be demoralizing to even the most altruistic of citizens. If I had to pinpoint what public service is, I believe public service is volunteering one’s time and energy for the greater good of the society as a whole. It’s the selfless pursuit of†¦show more content†¦Public service works can be found in both the public and private sector. Some obvious examples of public service works would be a public school teacher, servicemen and women, and social workers. The se jobs tend to contribute to the public good. Intuitively, works that wouldn’t be considered public service would be jobs that principally intent to serve for the profit of private individuals and conglomerates. With that said, I would consider private bankers and entrepreneurs as non-public service work. I think there are apparent principle or a set of criteria by which we can distinguish between public service work and non-public service work. The things to look out for are the objective of the job and who it benefits. On a different note, proponents of Capitalism would argue that non-public service work like an entrepreneur would indirectly lead to public good. Their business endeavors can lead to many job creation, and their products can benefit the public. This idea of an â€Å"invisible hand†, coined by Adam Smith, believes that an individual pursuing their own interest can ultimately benefit the public good more than if the individual was pursuing the interest of the public. The same proponents would argue that their work has contributed more to society than governmental, â€Å"public service† work. Honestly,Show MoreRelatedImplementing Different Policing Strategies773 Words   |  3 Pagesthe purpose. Community policing is one of the philosophy in which most of the countries effectively working with it. According to U. S. Department of Justice Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social, and fear of crime (n.d). This essay critically examines the conditions, which wouldRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Security Of The Virtual City Police Department1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This essay is an examination of community policing as it relates to the interests of the Virtual City Police Department. Advances in technology has changed police work, officers are incorporating technology and sophisticated investigative techniques to solve crimes. This essay will focus on the pros and cons of community policing in a modern society, where police officers must rely more on technology and forensics than citizens to solve crimes and apprehend criminals. Read MoreChange Leadership And Managerial Method914 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially see this concept in public organizations because of new requirements be they either statutory, demands from the public for services, changes in technology, or from necessities of ethics and accountability (Denhardt et al, p. 381). This frequently requires personnel to be versatile and adapt to changing environments or requirements. Nonetheless, change is still difficult for many people to make. As much as change is difficult for people to accept, effective public managers seem to find waysRead MoreManaging Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesin Partnership Working The learner will: 1 Understand differing perspectives of quality and partnership working in relation to health and social care services Partnership: empowerment; independence; autonomy; power; informed choice; staff and organisation groups eg statutory, voluntary, private, independent, charitable; service users Quality: audit; quality control; role of agencies eg Care Quality Commission, NICE; role of staff and users; quality perspectives eg Servqual-ZeithamlRead MoreNeo Liberalism1568 Words   |  7 Pagesallow for countries to import/export goods and services, trade and settle debts among countries. â€Å"Neoliberalism policies stress privatization, export production, direct foreign investment, and few restrictions on imports† (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff, 2008). There are several Latin American countries who are accepting the neoliberalism ideology; however, there are some countries like Peru and Bolivia who are not embracing the neoliberalism philosophy. â€Å"Recent protests in Peru and Bolivia reflectRead MoreEvaluation Of Burnham Hospital s Mission, Vision, And Values Statements959 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be concise, memorable, and consistent with the current practice. This essay provides a discussion of the fundamental elements needed to create effective mission s tatements, vision statements, and values statements, as described by Ginter et al. Threaded throughout the discussion is a critique of McLean Hospital’s Mission Statement, and Values Statements, which are easily found and clearly demarcated on the hospital’s public website. Ginter, Duncan, Swayne (2013) explain that there are four pivotalRead MoreEssay on Public Relations1312 Words   |  6 PagesPublic sentiment is everything. With public sentiment, nothing can fail; without it, nothing can succeed. - Abraham Lincoln - Fundamentally, public relation is relations with publics. (Public Relations Writing, 2000, p.10) The publics can be any group of people that shares a common interest. Through communication in different ways organizations want to establish, develop and maintain a positive relationship with different groups. This is just a basic definition of public relation but inRead MoreThe Classical Public Administrative Theory1158 Words   |  5 Pages CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY Most twentieth century scholars in sociology and the science of administration consider the classical public administrative theory as the early form of organizational theory and accompanied by three main types of management: scientific, administration and bureaucracy. All of these management ideas are linked to different academics. `The scientific management was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915); the AmericanRead MoreManagement and Organizational Culture in Samsung1541 Words   |  7 PagesCourse: NZDB 530 Organisation and Management Trimester 2 2010 Assessment 2: Essay on Organizational Culture SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Submitted by: Chung Daewan(Steve) ID# 20904451 Submitted on: 5th July 2010 Submitted to: Jene Parilla TABLE OF CONTENTS â…  . Essay on Organizational Culture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................................................3 â… ¡. Metaphor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................................................................................6 â… ¢. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................Read MoreAnalysis Of Paul C. Light s The Tides Of Reform914 Words   |  4 Pageswar on waste, the watchful eye, and liberation management. Light (2006), has explained how at the very heart of the American reform policies lays the four tides of reform ingrained with four philosophies. Light (2006) has stated that â€Å"the Constitution contains harbingers of all four â€Å"tides,† or philosophies, of administrative reform that populate the federal statute books today. It spoke to the logical of scientific management by creating a single executive with tight day-to-day control over the

Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles Free Essays

string(176) " seen through the emphasis on family, and sexual desire that procreation was not so much a choice as it is today but an obligation and duty of each and every able-bodied male\." Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles *Note: All claims are assumptions based off of textual clues and are not to be understood as fact but to be recognized as potential truths. The roles of men and women in Ancient Greek civilization can never be fully understood since no one alive today existed during their era. That being said, analysis of texts written by Ancient Greek authors provides us with insight into how their culture viewed both genders. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through these texts that scholars can identify customary actions of single and married couples. Questions such as: should women save themselves for marriage, Are men the providers, And were women expected to be subservient in a patriarchal society can all be answered through textual understanding. As we prepare to dive into ancient texts and learn about the Greek culture of old, one must understand the importance of utilizing multiple authors. Without calling upon a variety of texts, a credible and thorough theory on how Ancient Greek individuals acted cannot be erected. For the purposes of this analysis the authors Euripides, Aeschylus, and Homer will be employed with the prospect of further understanding Ancient Greek gender and marital roles. Taking into account the differences among these texts in authorship and date, we will burden three main tasks: identify what makes a good husband and good wife, discern if and why one role receives more attention than the other, and conclude what ancient Greek social norms may have been from the way these texts depict marital relationships. Euripides’, Hippolytus, provides a sturdy backbone for understanding how Ancient Greek civilization viewed gender roles. Before reading a text it is important not to have a narrow scope. This means that one should not only focus on the perceived main character, but rather consider how every character may depict an aspect of the then current culture. Despite being titled Hippolytus, it is crucial not to only concentrate on the character Hippolytus. In fact, there may be just as much if not more to be learned from Phaedra. Phaedra, being the stepmother of Hippolytus, supplies a situation where her actions toward Hippolytus can be used in understanding the expected actions of married females toward single males. After Phaedra earns that her nurse has disclosed the sensitive information about her romantic feelings for Hippolytus to him and that he has rejected her she takes her own life out of shame. However, she leaves a note for her husband – Hippolytus’ father – Theseus, claiming that his son has raped her. This action reveals that perhaps it was not uncommon for women to take their lives after being sexually violated. With that in mind, it may be inferred that sexual purity was expected of women, that once a woman has been tainted by a male who was not her partner she loses her respect, honor, and desirability. In addition, Theseus’ reaction allows us to see even further into gender relationships and societal norms. Theseus takes the offensive against Hippolytus, cursing him and subsequently causing his death. Nevertheless, instead of coming to the hasty conclusion that Theseus is emotionally volatile and lacking the ability to understand, it is pertinent that one stops and asks: â€Å"Why may he have acted this way? † For where most mistakes are made in textual analysis is through hasty generalizations based on current era norms. Indeed, in todays world Theseus’ reaction would lead to his imprisonment and mandatory meetings with a psychiatrist but this was not always so. In Ancient Greece honor was critical and helped in determining social status. Euripides lived during the end of the Persian Wars and much like the notorious Spartans, the Athenians considered honor for themselves and their family to be of the utmost importance. With this in mind we will take another look at Theseus’ reaction and how it provides insight into Ancient Greek culture. It is possible that Theseus reaction would have been of the norm during his time. It was most likely seen as dishonorable to commit suicide as well as to lie; therefore, Theseus would not dare question the claims made by his wife. Theseus was trying to protect his honor as well as that of his family by taking action against he who had supposedly raped his wife. Society may have expected him to avenge Phaedra’s death. This shows that a married couple was a strong unit, that each must have trust in each other; it was not their duty to question the word of their partner. Bearing everything in mind it can be deduced that a good husband is one who protects his family and a good wife one who is loyal, even if it means taking their own life. Nevertheless, the male gender role stresses honor over family. Moreover, when honor and family conflict, family loses – hence the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of Hippolytus assists in depicting how men were expected to act in society. Hippolytus serves as a paradigm for a man who does not meet the standards of the societal norm. We are able to identify that Hippolytus is not a normal Athenian male because the goddess Aphrodite punishes him for his actions. He is a boy who has not yet become a man; he shows that it was not acceptable for males in Ancient society to resist maturity. His wish to remain abstinent, or more so his lack of sexual desire is common among the youth but not a matured male. Aphrodite is used to receiving praise and worship from the male population and because Hippolytus does not worship her – but instead the virgin goddess Artemis – she chooses to punish him. His punishment allows us to infer that all men were required to seek out a woman when they reached the age of maturity. Those who did not most likely brought shame to themselves and their family. Moreover, it can be seen through the emphasis on family, and sexual desire that procreation was not so much a choice as it is today but an obligation and duty of each and every able-bodied male. You read "Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles" in category "Papers" Ultimately, Euripides’ Hippolytus sheds a lot of light on social norms regarding gender roles. During the time period in Ancient Greece while Euripides was alive – estimated between 484 – 407 B. C. E. (Before Current Era) – the prevalence of honor was paramount, effecting the actions and choices made by both males and females. It was the duty of the male to protect and maintain honor for his family by taking action against those who threaten or harm the fortitude of his family. But first it is his societal obligation to wed a woman and create a family. On the other hand women are important members of society, their word bears weight in discussion and decision, it is their duty to love and protect their family as well as to maintain honor for themselves by being loyal companions even if it means taking their own life. Although the assumptions made off of textual clues in Hippolytus appear valid, it is still important to consider other ancient texts. The Odyssey by Homer is another text that provides clues toward how Ancient Greek civilization regarded gender and marital roles. There appears to be an undisputable amount of evidence supporting that there was a double standard between men and women on how they should act toward the opposite sex. Odysseus engages in sexual activities with a large amount of women on his journey home to Ithaca. Whereas despite not having not seen her husband for twenty years Penelope remains loyal even though she has a crowd of suitors desiring her bed. Odysseus’ behavior leads to the belief that it was acceptable for Greek males to cheat on their wives. However, there is not enough evidence that supports that his behavior was acceptable. Additionally his circumstances were not of the norm so it is unfair to say that Odysseus’ behavior corresponded with that of the average Greek male. The important part of Odysseus and Penelope’s relationship that does speak to the social norms of society is the devotion held toward one another. Penelope’s decision to remain loyal to her husband even after twenty years of absence says a lot about Greek women. It can be inferred that marriage was a huge deal and loyalty an even bigger one. If Penelope had chosen another suitor before knowing if Odysseus was dead or not then she could have potentially brought dishonor to herself and her family. The importance of loyalty and marriage is stressed by Penelope’s actions. Additionally, she shows that to be a good wife is to be a committed wife. In comparison, although Odysseus is not loyal like Penelope, he shows that it is the duty of a husband to make it home to his wife and to always put family first. The fact that Odysseus wants more than anything to return home and see his wife – so badly that he even gives up his potential life with Calypso – supports that commitment to one’s family is the most important duty of a Greek male. When Odysseus does return home and finds that suitors have overrun his house he takes action and eliminates all of them. Although it may be argued that a couple of the suitors were genuine, decent people and should not have been killed, his decision to kill all of them attests to the duties of a good husband. The suitors entering his home without verification of his death was a strike at his honor. It is from his decision to eliminate all of the suitors that we can learn about how Ancient Greek society viewed the male gender role. Men were expected to be strong and to protect the honor of their home, to enter discussion over who was the most in the wrong displayed weakness. In order for a man to reclaim his good name he must do away with any and all threats. This notion toward the expectations for Ancient Greek male gender roles is further supported by the actions of Odysseus’ son Telemachus. Telemachus had never met his father but still decided to set out on an expedition to find him. The fact that Telemachus had never met Odysseus when he decided to risk his life to find him validates the importance of family. Clearly common ethics in Ancient Greek civilization endorsed family over everything. A son was expected to fight for his family no matter how close his relationship with the rest of his family may be. Normal male gender roles were to maintain honor and protect one’s family. Homer’s The Odyssey and Euripides Hippolytus both share common characteristics in their insight into Ancient Greek marital and social gender roles. The overwhelming aspect of both texts that appears to be the focal point of Ancient Greek culture is family commitment. All clues point toward both marital roles to be to preserve and protect the honor of one’s family as well as the importance of having one. The assumption can be made that in order to be a good wife she must be loyal and honest, whereas to be a good husband he must also be devoted, putting his loved ones before himself and honor above all else. There does not appear to be one gender that receives more attention, supporting that both genders played a vital role in ancient culture. In contrast with the previous two texts, Aeschylus’ Oresteia: Agamemnon offers a different approach in addressing Ancient Greek cultural norms relating to marital and gender roles. While Agamemnon is gone for ten years at the Trojan war his wife Clytemnestra conspires against him with her lover Aegisthus. To be fair, Agamemnon had sacrificed their daughter in order to have the wind be on his side. Before we continue let us analyze how this depicts Ancient Greek marital roles. The relationship between Agamemnon and Clytemnestra is incredibly strained after he sacrifices their daughter Iphigenia. However, if emotions are withheld it can be seen that perhaps Agamemnon’s marital and gender role supported his decision. As was seen with the death of Hippolytus, stemming from Theseus’ duty to uphold his principles, it can be inferred that the requirement for a male to preserve his honor comes before family. Although taking a different approach, Oresteia: Agamemnon, has the same main principles regarding marital roles. Except this text allows us to see what happens when roles compete. As the story progresses more insight is provided into how marital roles are affected when one takes precedence over another. When Agamemnon returns home he brings with him a new woman, Cassandra. After arguing with his wife about not wanting to display excess hubris by walking on the purple carpet their time together becomes very strained. Shortly after his return Clytemnestra murders Agamemnon and Cassandra. Her catharsis is complete after committing these murders and uses the sacrifice of Iphigenia as justification for her actions. Both the love affair of Clytemnestra with Aegisthus and Agamemnon with Cassandra hint that perhaps there were a little bit more public scandalous acts that took place in Ancient Greece than the other two texts let on. We have learned that in order to be a good wife she must protect her family and be loyal to her husband. The text written by Aeschylus explicitly proves that when a wife must choose between loyalty to her husband and protection of her family she will choose her family. Regardless of the obvious differences between this text and the two priors they all three present Ancient Greek gender and marital roles to be comprised of the same basic principles. That being said, all three illuminate a new characteristic. After analyzing all the texts it can be assumed that Greek culture revolved around family, loyalty, and honor. A good wife is a woman who puts her family first and remains loyal to her husband no matter what the circumstances. Likewise a good husband defends the honor of himself whilst remaining devoted to his family. Nonetheless, after further analysis it can be argued that social norms for marital roles did not always go hand in hand with what a â€Å"good† husband or wife should do. This is because certain roles are emphasized more than others. When a wife chooses her children over her husband or a man defends his honor at the consequence of his family he or she can no long fit into the paradigm for a â€Å"good† husband or wife. In another text written by Euripides, Medea, the view into the past is much different than that of Hippolytus or any of the other texts. That being said, it is crucial to analyze the new perspective in order to formulate an educated theory on what Ancient Greek marital roles used to be. Jason and Medea are married with children when Jason chooses to suddenly leave to marry the daughter of the king of Corinth. Euripides is insinuating that in some instances male gender roles overpower their marital roles. As a Greek man it is his duty to gain honor and status as well as to create a family. However, as a Greek husband it is his duty to be devoted to his family and to never leave them. From this text we can infer that the desire of a man to achieve honor and status can lead some men to abandon their families. The prospect of one day being king is too much for Jason, he leaves and forgoes his marital roles. His choice to relieve himself of his duties as a husband infers that not all men in Ancient Greece were morally sound, taking a very loose interpretation of the word â€Å"honor. † Additionally, Medea involves herself in some actions that go against what would be considered socially preferable. Medea is distraught and angry after Jason abandons her and the children. She takes action by plotting to hurt Jason the way that he hurt her. Medea gives Jason’s new wife a poisoned robe that burns her flesh off and murders her own two children in hopes to harm Jason. By murdering both Jason’s wife and her children she is exhibiting revenge with the only intention of benefiting herself. This act infers that there were many citizens of Ancient Greece who did not regard the normal social roles. Unlike Agamemnon who sacrificed his daughter to fulfill one of his societal roles, Medea acts completely outside of the norm by murdering her children in cold blood. Euripides may potentially be trying to express that there are always going to be individuals that act radically opposite to what is at the time considered normal. A distinction that must be recognized is that between gender roles and marital roles with the understanding that they sometimes overlap. It seems as if more attention is placed on gender roles than marital roles. For instance, Odysseus chooses to cheat on his wife, Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter, Clytemnestra murders her husband, and Jason deserts his family. After analyzing all of the texts we can finally make an educated decision on what marital and gender roles were like in Ancient Greece. It appears that Ancient Greek society had determined roles for both men and women and they were meant to be adamantly revered. A good husband was considered to be a man who was devoted to his family and defended the honor of himself and his home. He recognized that there is no honor in hurting loved ones, no matter what the outcome. Additionally, a good wife was a woman who was completely loyal to her husband and her family, protecting them by whatever means necessary. However, thorough analysis reveals that there were often times people who went against what would be deemed â€Å"good† because they made a choice when roles conflicted that ensued a consequence for a loved one to bear. And finally there were those who went against the grain completely. Overall, Ancient Greek social norms involved family at the center and devotion from every member to each other. The reason there is such a strong emphasis placed on understanding, documenting, and analyzing history is because it is through historical analysis that scholars can infer as to how modern-day culture came to be. It is through investigation of historical texts and other mediums of recording history that allows us to track the progression of people and their roles in society. In the current era people are still learning more about how past societies operated and what led to their development. From Homer to Hemmingway there is always more that can be learned through textual analysis, whether it be a historical primary source or not. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Struck, Peter T. â€Å"ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. † ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. N. p. , 2000. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. . How to cite Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles, Papers

Electronic Voting Systems free essay sample

Electronic voting systems Can they hack it, or can they be hacked? The incredible advances of technology and computing in our society over the last few decades has touched every aspect of our lives, from schools to businesses, from controlling traffic lights on the streets to keeping our airplanes from going bump in the night. Technology has managed to make the little tasks of life easier, while making the big picture so much more complex than ever before.We have sought to develop technology to improve and replace just about everything email has taken over for the post office, blogs and webisodes are replacing television, and even books are more widely sold in electronic form. Is it any real surprise that those engineers and programmers are working to replace the old paper ballots and punchcards of voting as well? Electronic voting systems are quite varied in style, construction, and capabilites. One of the more prevalent systems in use today is called Direct Recording Electronic. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Voting Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DRE is an adaptation of the mechanical lever machines, and utilize a touch screen or pushbuttons for user interaction. An alphanumeric keypad is often available as well, allowing for write-in votes. In 1996, 7. 7% of the registered voters in the United States used some type of direct recording electronic voting system. (Bellis) Other forms of electronic voting machine range from commercial, off-the-shelf laptops with simple programs to proprietary equipment with advanced security and identification systems.The biggest problem that most Americans have with all forms of electronic voting is that of security, of identification, and of accuracy and trustworthiness. One of the most prevalent threats in the world today is that of electronic security – any computer connected to a network can be hacked, can be controlled and tampered with, producing whatever information is desired. The vulnerability to hacking is often cited as the key concern in implementing electronic voting systems in the USA. Some say that a closed system offers the perfect solution.If there is no external communications pathway, then there is no risk of hacking, or gaining unauthorized entry into the tabulation system. Texas requires the use of closed systems. Most counties do not use modem transfer or only do so from substations, not directly from the polling place.. . It is possible to detect attempts to enter a modem line. Also, the Counting Station should still accept surrender and delivery of the physical medium and compare the tally and number of votes cast on the medium to the modemed results. (ProCon. org) Others argue that even these closed systems are vulnerable to attack.Vendors and election jurisdictions generally state that they do not transmit election results from precincts via the Internet, but they may transmit them via a direct modem connection. However, even this approach may be subject to attack via the Internet, especially if encryption and verification are not sufficient. That is because telephone transmission systems are themselves increasingly connected to the Internet and computers to which the receiving server may be connected, such as through a local area network (LAN), may have Internet connections.In fact, organizations may be unaware of the extent of such connections. (ProCon. org) The security of our computing systems will always be a struggle to maintain. As quickly as we develop new ways to encrypt and decipher our data, hackers find away to unravel the systems. Many see it as a challenge, and seek to do no harm – simply defeating the ciphers is often enough. Regardless of the level of ill-intent, the simple fact that these systems have repeatedly proven unreliable is enough to stall their widespread implementation, at least in the USA. Even if we get the technology right, we still won’t be done.If the goal of a voting system is to accurately translate voter intent into a final tally, the voting machine is only one part of the overall system. In the 2004 U. S. election, problems with voter registration, untrained poll workers, ballot design, and procedures for handling problems resulted in far more votes not being counted than problems with the technology. But if we’re going to spend money on new voting technology, it makes sense to spend it on technology that makes the problem easier instead of harder. (Schneier) Maybe well wont see reliable e-voting in our lifetime.

Nonverbal Communication Human Interaction -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Nonverbal Communication Human Interaction? Answer: Introducation Communication is the act of interchanging the thoughts, feeling and the information with each other. In other way, the communication refers to the process of conveying information in order to create a shared understanding (Broadbent, 2013). Communication is based on the different communication skills and communication styles such as the verbal communication, active listening, non-verbal communication and the assertiveness perception. For measuring and the diagnosing the communication there are different diagnostic tools related to the communication of different style. However, I have used five diagnostic tools for measuring my communication skills in order to identify the communication issue and solve the same accounting. Some basic communication tools are used in the diagnosis of the communication styles and skills in the personal as well as in the professional context. The first tool for measuring non-verbal communication skills is the email. Email is used for both personal and professional communication (Baruah, 2012). I use email in a frequent manner for both my personal and professional communication. I found out this can help me not only in communicating with other people but also is helpful in assessing my written communication skills in professional manner as well as the personal manner. I personally feel that the email is the natural feedback tool for the non-verbal communication to help one improving the same. The verbal communication is the prime and the major portion of the communication style (Knapp, Hall Horgan, 2013). Most of the personal communication is the verbal communication. While communication with my close ones, I recognized some issues in my communication skills and manner. I felt that my verbal communication skill is poorer than other people in terms of opening up myself to the other people. In my personal communication, I not only have observed some issues, but also in my professional communication I found out that I am little introvert. Connecting with other people thus, diagnostic I have chosen to be another diagnostic tool related to my communication (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Another tool that I have used for economics the issues in my communication styles, is the European Communication Professional Skills and Innovation Programme (ECOPSI), which I came across in the online (Eacd-online.eu, 2017). This communication tool has developed a portal for the professionals, which help them to understand and know the requirement for the professional communication development in terms of the global context. The portal, Portal (for) Advancing Communication Education (P4ACE) has helped me in recognizing the essential competencies for the global workplace in terms of the both verbal and non-verbal communication. In the portal, I took a fifteen minutes assessment test, which gave me feedback on my communication capabilities and report explaining the room for improvement in the same (Youmans York, 2012). Perception of assertiveness is another major aspect in the communication styles and skills. The assertiveness in the communication refers to the ability to speak about the right of own or other people (nal, 2012). For the perception of the assertiveness in the communication, the diagnostic tools I have used are the group discussion project and debate. I strongly feel that the group discussion on any project is an effective way to measure the assertiveness in the communication skills of the people. Again, the debate is another similar tool for diagnosing the communication in terms of the perceived assertiveness. The perception of assertiveness emphasizes on the ability of I statement, which I found I lack excessively in the debate and group discussion (Pipas Jaradat, 2010). The last but not the least tool that I have chosen for the diagnosis of my communication skills is basically on my listening ability. I took my foreign language class as the tool for assessing my listening ability based on communication skills. I took a foreign language class from online. In the process I learned the language by listening it from the online. Therefore, I suppose that the I have been able to the assess my active listening ability using the tool of online foreign language class. I affirm that the listening to the accent and words of the foreign language and learning the same from the process is a fine and effective tool for diagnosing the personal commination (Yang, Gamble Tang, 2012). However, it was not possible for me to learn the entire language from the online class, but I found out that my listening ability has helped me learn the initial and surface area of the language. From the findings of the tools used in my communication diagnosis, I understand and realized my skills and abilities in the communication of mine, both in the personal and the professional context. From the use of email, which I assumed as the natural feedback tool of the communication, I found out that that the personal and the professional email need to be distinguished separately in terms of manner and the language. The next tool being the interaction with the other people has provided me with the wider context as the result of the diagnosis. This tool helped me in understanding my introvert nature while connecting myself with other, which I realized as a negative aspect of my communication skills. From the online portal, I recognized overall need for development in the professional skills, which accumulates the results of all the tools together. From the group discussion and debate, the result I received implies that I lack ability to establish my standpoint, which is applicable both in my personal and professional communication skills. Lastly, the online foreign language class as the diagnostic tool signifies that active listening ability in me is quite strong which I suppose in applicable for both the formal and informal communication. From the findings of the diagnosis through different tools, I have identified two major issues that are predominant in my communication. The first issue that I have encountered is my introvert nature. I have found out that while interacting with other people, I reflect my introvert nature, which leads to an ineffective communication both in the personal and professional context. However, not all the person possesses same qualities, but my realization tells me that I must work on this issue in order to have effective communication. Another communication is my lack of assertiveness, which I have recognized from the debate and group discussion tool. This issue has resulted into weakening my standpoint in a group communication. Hence, I feel this issue requires improvement. In my professional interaction within last two months, these two issues have been apparent. While in the annual meeting in my workplace I was told to present my problems and workplace issues that I had been facing in my workplace. However, I found out that I lacked confidence due to my introvert nature. Again, in a conference held in my workplace, I was supposed to give speech on certain issues and provide my viewpoint on the same. Here also, I was unable to state or establish my standpoint which made my speech vague. Therefore, I strongly feel that I need improvement on these two issues as these are creating hazards in my professional life. The effective and proper communication is the basis of the professional requirements and lacking the same can lead me to the unpleasant consequences. Therefore, the issues provide room for development in the personal communication to ensure my profession. Definition In order to communicate, people need to face the other people. The characteristics of the previous sentence can be related with verbal communication. Here, the term people need to be pondered upon, as it possesses several connotations. On one hand, people can be those who belong to the other groups than their peers and relatives (Asante, 2013). Viewing it from the other perspective, people can be their relatives, neighbors and peers. Interaction with both the groups differs in the subject matters of the discussion. Herein lays the division between the formal and informal. The people belonging to the groups other than the relatives, peers and neighbors can be the office colleagues or boss or managers, with whom formal communication is done. On the other hand, informal communication is the basic means of communication with friends, relatives, peers and neighbors (Grimes Ding, 2014). Key theories and models of interaction with people Social interactionist theory is appropriate for shedding light on the theoretical approaches towards the interactions between the people and the neighbors. One of the prime factors of this theory is the language development. The end poles of this theory are child and the adults; however, according to the requirements of this section, the two end poles of this theory can be assumed as an individual and the surrounding people. Emerging successful, in using ornamental language, for communicating with the neighboring people, results in the language development of the individuals (McQuail Windahl, 2015). Herein lays the appropriateness of the term social development. Viewing it from the perspective of the Vygotskys theory, there are certain influences, which affect the language development of the people. Along with this, cognition also gains preference in this discussion. Reverting to the concept of the child and its language development, I can bring Piagets theory of development to the discussion. According to Piaget, development in child attains the peak position instead of learning. Counter arguing this point saying that the learning is the way towards development. This is irrespective of the demarcations of children, adults or others (DeVito, 2015). In Piagets assumptions, socio-cultural approach towards cognitive development is one of an important fact. Countering this, socio-cultural influences destroy the focus of the individuals in terms of their learning process. This destruction is the destruction of the interaction chain. Critically reflecting on the social interaction theory, behavioral theory can be brought into the discussion. Rational thinking for communicating with the people reflects the matured behavior of the people towards upgrading their preconceived communication skills. Emerging successful in this direction enhances the personality of the individuals among the peers, relatives, neighbors and society as a whole (Bolger, 2014). On the contrary, using ordinary language in the communication places the individuals within the category of foolish class, which lacks the capability of make intellectual thinking. This puts an interrogative parameter to the personality of the individuals in the process of creating a standardized identity. One of the other aspects of this theory is stimulus response. Herein behavioral theory can be attached, as exposing appropriate expression to the stimulus is accounting as one of the prime responsibilities of the individuals, which bears resemblance with the maturity. This maturity can be considered as a mental instinct, which is a psychological aspect for the individuals in terms of enhancing the preconceived communication skills (Hybels, 2014). Viewing it from the other perspective, stimulus can be related with the socio-cultural influences. As a matter of specification, providing the individuals with the suggestions regarding the improvement of the communication skills deviates them from the identified and the specified goals. Affirming with these suggestions reflects the immature behavior of the individuals. On the contrary, indulging in verbal communications with the experts reflects the inner urge towards attainment of proper cognitive development in the field of communication. Environment is one of the other aspects, which is important for the individuals for interacting with the other people. This is in order to support the individuals regarding abiding by the undertaken motion for communication (Argenti, 2015). Definition Providing a topic and asking a group of individuals to discuss about the topic is termed as group discussion. The performance of the team members is important in terms of assessing their capability to perform the allocated tasks and responsibilities. Along with this, group discussions form an important component for assessing the approach of the individuals towards the provided topic. Here, the communication skills of the individuals are tested so as to see the command over language and the ability to handle adverse situation, which might arise at any point of time (Argenti, 2015). Group discussions possess high tendencies of differentiation in opinions, which destroy the unity between the team members. Apart from this, it also generates conflicts, discriminations and harassments among the team members. Therefore, presence of a senior and experienced manager is essential for handling any adverse situation. Spontaneity of the team members is also one of the vital issues, which helps the managers in determining the approach of the team members towards the motion to speak for. On personal terms, group discussions relates to the discussions between the individuals, friends and family members on diverse topics (Erozkan, 2013). Theoretical aspect Groups remove the individual burden of the individuals. Along with this removal, there is an addition of variety and spice in the form of companionship. Groups and team members are formed through the adherence to Tuckmans stages of team development according to the business terminology. However, in the personal life, groups are formed by selecting the person possessing the flexibility to shed off loneliness and boredom from the life of the individuals. Here, general social influence theories can be related. As a matter of specification, there are five components of this theory- no social influence; opinion expression; new information; opinion expression along with new information and structured theory (Koprowska, 2014). Group discussion is an important aspect in the penultimate component, that is, structured theory, as the managers followed an integrated structure for conducting the group discussion. Critical reflection on the components, group discussion acts as a platform for the t eam members to express their viewpoints on the given topic, which enriches their preconceived communication skills. Herein lays the appropriateness of the word new. Action plan Planning is an important aspect, which helps the individuals to expose a systematic approach towards the tasks at hand. This planning proves helpful in prioritizing the tasks and performing them accordingly. Using templates and checklists for planning enhances the clarity of the people in terms of the activities, which they are performing for improving their preconceived communication skills (Adler, Rodman DuPr, 2016). The following is an example of the action plan, which proves appropriate for the assignment: Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Identifying the problem in communication Gathering information on the universities offering short courses on Spoken English Taking admission in advanced post graduate communication courses in Central Queensland University or others Data collection on how to improve communication skills by visiting library or self-help books Analyzing the collected data Deducing relevant conclusions Evaluation of the gathered solutions by maintaining reflective journals or interactions Selecting the appropriate solution to the identified communication problem Second round evaluation for excavating the major drawbacks in the applied solution by selecting a mentor Final evaluation Table 1: Gantt chart for personal communication development (Source: Created by the author) Identification of the activities at the first instance enhances the clarity of the individuals in terms of the needful for improving the possessed communication skills. As a sequential step, allotment of the weeks for each activity reflects the confidence regarding the capability to do the task within the stipulated time. Herein lays the appropriateness of time management, which improves and polishes the time taken by the individuals to complete the task within less time than estimated. Regular practice would yield positive results in this direction (Koprowska, 2014). One of the other aspects projected by the Gantt chart is evaluation. This is vital in terms of attaining mastery over issues such as communication skills. Frequent evaluation through the maintenance of reflective journals enables the individuals to track their progress in terms of the identified and specified benchmark. However, consistency in the execution of evaluation is necessary in terms of reaching to the targeted goals. Attending the spoken English classes on a regular basis would polish the preconceived communication skills (Erozkan, 2013). Here, the saying, Practice makes a man perfect, is absolutely apt. Along with this, if the individuals seek better avenues for sharpening their communication skills, they would attain praises for their efforts. However, persistent and dedicated efforts need to be made for enhancing the personality in terms of communication. Typical examples in this context can be practicing the learnt speech in front of the mirror or among relatives, frien ds, peers and neighbors. Lackadaisical approach towards the attained training can prove detrimental in terms of achieving positive results. Typical example of this is getting satisfied with one evaluation of the achieved results (Wood, 2015). Herein lays the correlation with the aspect of asserting the perception in a haphazard manner. On the contrary, asserting the perception after two to three evaluations would justify the attempts made by the individual towards attaining a sound communicative development. References Adler, R., Rodman, G. R., DuPr, A. (2016).Understanding human management. Oxford University Press. Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Asante, M. K. (2013).The global intercultural communication reader. Routledge. Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of Social Media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,2(5), 1-10. Bolger, J. (2014). Video self-modelling and its impact on the development of communication skills within social work education.Journal of Social Work,14(2), 196-212. Broadbent, D. E. (2013).Perception and communication. Elsevier. DeVito, J. A. (2015).The interpersonal communication book. Pearson. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 739-745. European Communication Professionals Skills Innovation Programme (ECOPSI) | eacd-online.eu. (2017).Eacd-online.eu. Retrieved 4 October 2017, from https://www.eacd-online.eu/publications/studies/european-communication-professionals-skills-innovation-programme-ecopsi Grimes, R., Ding, J. (2014, April). Development of a novel cryptography tool for personal communication. InNetworking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC), 2014 IEEE 11th International Conference on(pp. 411-416). IEEE. Hybels, S. (2014).Communicating effectively. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Knapp, M. L., Hall, J. A., Horgan, T. G. (2013).Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Cengage Learning. Knapp, M. L., Vangelisti, A. L., Caughlin, J. P. (2014).Interpersonal communication human relationships. Pearson Higher Ed. Koprowska, J. (2014).Communication and interpersonal skills in social work. Learning Matters. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Pipas, M. D., Jaradat, M. (2010). Assertive communication skills.Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica,12(2), 649. nal, S. (2012). Evaluating the effect of self-awareness and communication techniques on nurses assertiveness and self-esteem.Contemporary nursing,43(1), 90-98. Wood, J. T. (2015).Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Nelson Education. Yang, Y. T. C., Gamble, J., Tang, S. Y. S. (2012). Voice over instant messaging as a tool for enhancing the oral proficiency and motivation of English?as?a?foreign?language learners.British Journal of Educational Technology,43(3), 448-464. Youmans, W. L., York, J. C. (2012). Social media and the activist toolkit: User management, corporate interests, and the information infrastructure of modern social movements.Journal of Communication,62(2), 315-329